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PURPOSE@#School students are at risk of unintentional injuries. Teachers are the main caregivers and the first protectors for school students and must be able to deliver first aid. This study aimed to assess the school teachers' knowledge about first aid in Kashan, Iran.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study was undertaken on a sample of 200 teachers working in public and private primary, secondary and high schools in Kashan city, Iran. Data collection was achieved via a questionnaire consisting of items on teachers' characteristics and 20 questions on basic first-aid practices. One point was given for each correct answer. The lowest and highest possible scores were 0 and 20. Then, the sum scores 0-9, 10-16, and 17-20 were ranked as weak, moderate, and good first aid knowledge, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#The mean age and working experience of teachers were respectively (41.37 ± 6.35) years and (20.07 ± 7.29) years. Among all teachers 51.0% were males and 66.3% were working in public schools. Totally, 40.3% of the teachers had passed courses on first aid and 48.5% had confronted with situations needing first-aid; 59.7% evaluated their own knowledge of first aid as moderate. The mean score of first-aid knowledge was 10.00 ± 2.58. Teachers who had received first aid training and those with previous experiences of situations requiring first-aid possessed higher scores (p < 0.001). Most teachers answered wrongly to the questions regarding first aid in a child with a fracture (93.4%) or struck by electricity (85.2%).@*CONCLUSION@#Most of the teachers had insufficient knowledge on first aid. They mostly did not pass any training on first aid. Urgent action seems necessary for training teachers on first aid through in-service training programs.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effects between group discussion and educational booklet on nursing students' attitude and practice toward patient privacy in Iran. METHODS: A two-group, pre-test and post-test design study was conducted in 2015. The study was conducted on 60 nursing students in Kashan, Iran who were randomly allocated into two groups to be trained on patient privacy either through group discussion or by an educational booklet. The students' attitude and practice were assessed before and after the education using a questionnaire and a checklist. Data analysis was performed through paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, and independent samples t-tests. RESULTS: Before the intervention, no significant differences were found between the group designated to group discussion and those designated to the educational booklet in the mean overall score of attitude (P=0.303) and practice (P=0.493) toward patient privacy. After the intervention, the mean attitude score significantly increased in the two groups (P=0.001). Moreover, the students' practice score was increased in the discussion group while it did not significantly change in the booklet group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Both methods were effective on the students' attitude; however, the educational booklet did not affect their practice toward patient privacy. Group discussion can effectively improve the students' attitude and practice toward patient privacy.
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Humans , Checklist , Education , Iran , Nursing , Pamphlets , Privacy , Statistics as Topic , Students, Nursing , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Several studies are available on the lifestyle, psychological and mental health of the elderly adults. This study aimed to compare the spiritual well-being and happiness in the elderly who lived in sanitariums with those lived in the community. A comparative study was conducted on 384 elderly adults. A census sampling was used in sanitariums and a convenience sampling was performed to select the community dwelling [CD] older adults. A demographic questionnaire, the Pauloutzian and Ellison's spiritual well-being scale and the Oxford happiness questionnaire were used in this study. Descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation coefficient were employed for data analysis, using the SPSS software, version 13.0. From the total participants, 56% were CD elderly and 44% were in sanitariums. Among the CD older adults, no one was at a high level of spiritual well-being while in sanitariums 24.4% were at a high level of spiritual well-being. Also, 71.2% of the community dwelling older adults were at a high level of happiness while only 3.6% of those living in sanitariums expressed a high level of happiness. A significant association was found between the level of spiritual well-being and happiness in those who lived in sanitariums [r=0.l77, P<0.021]. Most of the elderly living in the community and in sanitariums showed moderate spiritual well-being and low happiness. Therefore, nurses and health authorities are responsible not only to inform the community about the importance of spiritual well-being and happiness, but also to establish some strategies in this regard
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This study was conducted to determine the impact of an 8-week intradialytic exercise program [consisting of 15 minutes low-intensity exercise during the first 2 hours of dialysis] on dialysis efficacy. In an open randomized controlled trial, a total of 50 clinically stable hemodialysis patients were enrolled into the study and randomly allocated into two groups: the aerobic exercise group [n=25] and the control group [n=25]. Aerobic exercises were done in the intervention group for 15 min/day, three times a week for 2 months. The dialysis efficacy was assessed prior to and at the end of each month of the program. The efficacy of dialysis increased at the end of the first month and remained elevated for the duration of the program in the exercise group [p<0.05]. A simplified aerobic exercise program has increased the efficacy of dialysis and may be considered as a safe, complementary and effective modality for hemodialysis patients.
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Public health nursing system, which is an accepted universal model for improvement of the community health has not yet attained its rightful status in Iran. The present study was conducted to evaluate the perception of the pioneers of health care about the public health nursing and the roles that a public health nurse can play in Iran's health system. This is a qualitative study comprising nine participants purposively selected from nurses, nurse educators and physicians in Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Individual semi-structured interviews were used and qualitative content analysis method was used for data analysis. Three emerged main categories included perceptions about public health nursing, the roles of public health nurses, and barriers to establishing public health nursing. Additionally, five main roles were defined for a public health nurse. These involved the gatekeepers of the health system, direct continual care, health monitoring and disease prevention, health educator and health promoter. The disease oriented health system and the policy makers' viewpoints were also proved to be the main barriers to establishing public health nursing. The study showed the positive attitudes of the front line health team about public health nursing. The five emerging roles, if established, may facilitate achieving the global objective of health for all. Efforts are needed to encourage policy-makers decide on this issue
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Studies have shown that nurses are under considerable job stress, which can lead to health disorders and failure in duties. Stressors of nursing have been studied in some of quantitative studies; however, a few investigators have studied the nurses' life experiences in this regard. The current qualitative research aimed to understand the nurses' experiences and perceptions of job-related stress. This qualitative study was conducted in 2010-2011 by using the content analysis technique. Data were collected through individual deep interviews with 19 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences. The content of data was analyzed by the Krippendorff method. Three categories were emerged including "nurses' perception from the job stress," "professional interest," and "prioritizing career over family life." The first category included the following subcategories of "being in constantly alarm situation," "lack of experience," "dignity and social status," "lack of proper logistics," "shortage of nurses," "Irregularities in the organization," "directors of nursing performance," "undesirable relations among colleagues," and "the patients conditions" all have effects on the nurses' level of professional stress. The study participants defined job stress as a condition in which a nurse is under pressure so that the quality of care and the nurses' personal and family life is interrupted. Being under continuous pressure, low social dignity, and the manner of nurse managers were among the important sources of job stress. Providing appropriate logistics, improving the coordination within hospital subsystems, and improving the managers and nurses relationships may decrease the stressors in nursing profession
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Sleep is an effective factor in the process recovery from diseases. Many variables affect the sleep quality of hospitalized older patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of sleep and its related risk factors in hospitalized older patients in Kashan's hospitals, Iran 2009. Settings and design: a cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 400 hospitalized older adults in the hospital of Kashan, Iran. The Farsi Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [FPSQI] was used for gathering data. A global sum of 6 or greater indicates a poor quality of sleep. Statistical analysis used: data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression at the multivariate model. The overall quality of sleep of the patients in this study was poor. In the final regression model, sex [OR = 0.342], level of education [OR = 0.470], type of ward [OR = 0.592], previous hospitalization experience [OR = 2.336], and use of hypnotics in hospital [OR = 3.633] were the most important predictors of sleep quality. The most prevalent sleep disturbing factors were worries and anxiety, environmental noises and pain. However, the most negative effects on the PSQI mean score were reported to be from dyspnea, environmental lights, and changes in the sleep habits. Quality of sleep also had significant relationship with sleep latency [P = 0.001] and having a respiratory disorder. The knowledge of sleep disturbing factors in hospitalized older adults might help in planning preventive strategies to improve quality of sleep.
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Increasing elderly population has been lead to increased number of hospices and their customers. However, the lived experiences of elderly home residents have been less noticed. This study aimed to investigate the lived experiences of elderly residents of Kashan's Golabchi elderly hospice. In this qualitative study based on phenomenological approach data collected using purposive sampling and deep open interview, narrative collection method until data saturation was obtained. Data were analyzed using Van Manen's six step method. Fifteen elderly with age range 65-73 years and average length of stay of 2.5 years participated in the study. Five items were extracted from data, including of "rejection and isolation", "feel failure and disgrace", "adaptation", "satisfaction" and "being monotonous and waiting". Most of the participants felt that were rejected by their families and the community. Their life was tedious and this had reduced their life passion and they were waiting for the end of life. Most of the elderly had not positive experiences of living in the hospice. Inattention of the family and the condition of the hospice environment made them a feel of "isolation and being rejected" along with a "feel of failure and disgrace". Improving the validity of elderly home residents, may be achieved by improving communication culture of this population, elderly hospices condition and appropriate training of geriatric nurses